Constructed Wetlands
Natural treatment wetlands, also known as constructed wetlands or engineered wetlands, are human-made systems designed to mimic the functions of natural wetlands for the purpose of treating and purifying wastewater (all the water that goes down our household drains) or stormwater runoff. These wetlands utilize natural processes, such as filtration, sedimentation, nutrient uptake, and microbial activity, to remove pollutants and improve water quality. Natural treatment wetlands the public can visit in Oregon are Fernhill Natural Treatment Wetlands in Forest Grove, the Crooked River Wetlands Complex in Prineville, and the Talking Water Gardens in Albany. In addition to cleaning water naturally, they provide incredible habitat for migrating birds and a chance to recreate in nature.
Fernhill Wetlands, located in Forest Grove
Photo Credit: Clean Water Services
Natural treatment wetlands typically consist of a series of shallow basins that are filled with different types of wetland vegetation. As water flows through these basins, the plants and their root systems help to filter out suspended solids, trap sediment, and absorb nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus. Microorganisms present in the wetland soils also play a crucial role in breaking down organic matter and removing contaminants.
These engineered wetlands are an environmentally friendly and cost-effective alternative to conventional wastewater treatment systems. They can be used for treating both domestic and industrial wastewater, as well as managing stormwater runoff in urban areas. Natural treatment wetlands provide numerous benefits beyond water purification, including habitat creation for wildlife, aesthetic enhancement, and flood mitigation.
These strategies aim to replicate some of the functions and benefits of natural wetlands in urban environments, helping to mitigate the impacts of urbanization on water quality, flood control, and biodiversity conservation. By integrating these imitations of wetlands into urban planning and development, cities can enhance their sustainability and resilience.
Fernhill Wetlands, located in Forest Grove
Photo Credit: Clean Water Services